Ilimin asali na hasken waje

Wataƙila mafi yawan mutane suna tunanin cewa fitilar abu ne mai sauƙi, yana da alama bai dace da bincike da bincike a hankali ba, akasin haka, ƙira da ƙirar fitilun fitilu da fitilu masu kyau suna buƙatar wadataccen ilimin lantarki, kayan aiki, injiniyoyi, na gani. Fahimtar waɗannan tushe zai taimake ka kimanta ingancin fitilu daidai.

1. Tushen wuta

Ba shi yiwuwa a ga ɗan gaba da daddare ba tare da fitulun wuta ba. Ba shi da sauƙi a sanya kwararan fitila masu haske da ceton kuzari. Idan kwan fitila yana da wani iko, za a iya cika shi da iskar gas, wanda zai iya inganta haske da kuma tsawaita rayuwar kwan fitila. Na musamman shine sadaukarwar rayuwa don musanya babban haske na manyan kwararan fitila na halogen. Daga ra'ayi na waje amfani, la'akari da yin amfani da mahara al'amurran, AMINCI da kuma na dogon lokaci yi, talakawa inert gas kwararan fitila sun fi dacewa, ba shakka, yin amfani da high haske halogen kwararan fitila fitilu kuma yana da cikakken abũbuwan amfãni. Daidaitaccen kwandon ruwa da ƙafar ƙafa ko mafitsarar fitila ta musamman sun zama ruwan dare a cikin mashahuran musaya na kwan fitila. Daga hangen nesa na duniya da kuma dacewa da sayan, fitilu masu amfani da kwararan fitila na bayoneti suna da sauƙi don samarwa, tare da masu maye gurbin da yawa, ƙananan farashi da tsawon rai. Yawancin manyan fitilu kuma suna amfani da kwararan fitila na Halogen xenon tare da bayoneti, ba shakka, farashin Halogen ya fi girma. Bai dace da siye a China ba, fitilun fitilun superba a cikin manyan kantunan kantuna suma suna da kyau maye gurbinsu. Domin yin kwan fitila mafi makamashi ceto, iya kawai kokarin rage ikon, haske da kuma lokaci ne ko da yaushe sabani, a cikin hali na wani irin ƙarfin lantarki, da rated halin yanzu na kwan fitila ya fi tsayi, PETZL SAXO AQUA yana amfani da 6V 0.3A krypton kwan fitila, don cimma sakamako na talakawa 6V 0.5A kwan fitila. Bugu da kari, lokacin ka'idar amfani da batirin AA hudu ya kai sa'o'i 9, wanda shine ingantacciyar misali mai nasara na haske da daidaiton lokaci. Kwan fitilar megabor na cikin gida yana da ƙarami mai ƙididdigewa, wanda shine mafi kyawun canji. Tabbas, wani lamari ne idan kawai kuna neman haske mai haske. Surefire na yau da kullun ne, tare da hular lumen 65 wanda ke ɗaukar kusan awa ɗaya kawai akan batura biyu na lithium. Saboda haka, a lokacin da sayen fitilu, duba fitilar kwan fitila calibration darajar, lissafta da m ikon, a hade tare da diamita na fitilar tasa, za ka iya m kimanta m haske, matsakaicin iyaka da kuma amfani da lokaci, ba za ka iya sauƙi rude da m talla.

2. LED

Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen diode mai haske mai haske mai haske ya kawo juyin juya halin masana'antar hasken wuta. Ƙananan amfani da makamashi da kuma tsawon rai shine babban amfaninsa. Amfani da busassun batura da yawa ya isa don kula da LED mai haske don da yawa ko ma daruruwan sa'o'i na haske. Duk da haka, babbar matsalar LED a halin yanzu ita ce da wuya a iya magance tarin hasken, mabanbantan hasken hasken ya sa ya kusan kasa haska kasa mai nisan mita 10 da daddare, kuma launin sanyin sanyi kuma ya sa shigarta ruwan sama, hazo da dusar ƙanƙara ta ragu sosai. Sabili da haka, yawanci ana haɗa fitilun tare da dama ko ma da yawa hanyoyin LED don inganta gwargwadon yiwuwa, amma tasirin ba a bayyane yake ba. Ko da yake an riga an sami manyan filaye masu ƙarfi da haske mai haske, aikin bai riga ya kai ga maye gurbin kwararan fitila gaba ɗaya ba, kuma farashin yana da yawa. Madaidaicin wutar lantarki na LED na yau da kullun yana tsakanin 3-3.7V, kuma ma'aunin haske na LED yana bayyana ta mcd, tare da maki da yawa kamar 5mm da 10mm a diamita. Mafi girman diamita, mafi girman ƙimar mcd, mafi girman haske. Domin la'akari da girma da makamashi amfani, talakawa fitilu zabi 5mm matakin, da mcd darajar ne game da 6000-10000. Koyaya, saboda yawan adadin masana'antun LED, yawancin bututun LED na cikin gida ana lakafta su ta ƙarya, kuma ƙimar ƙima ba ta tabbata ba. Gabaɗaya magana, ana gane aikin LED na kamfanonin Japan a cikin samfuran da aka shigo da su, kuma shine mafi kyawun zaɓin fitilun fitilu. Saboda LED ya isa ya haskaka a cikin wani sosai kananan halin yanzu, sabili da haka, da maras muhimmanci dubun ko daruruwan sa'o'i na talakawa LED fitilu ya kamata a ƙwarai rage a cikin ainihin amfani, watakila 'yan sa'o'i kafin haske ya isa ya haskaka dukan sansanin, bayan da dama na sa'o'i tare da shi ganin tebur yana da wuya, sabili da haka, shigarwa na ƙarfin lantarki daidaitawa kewaye ingantawa sanyi na wutar lantarki shine daidaitaccen daidaitawar fitilun fitilu. A halin yanzu, LED na yau da kullun ya fi dacewa don amfani da shi azaman sansani ko tanti a matsayin tushen haske kusa, wanda kuma shine fa'idarsa.

3. Kwanon fitila

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci don ƙayyade ingancin hasken wuta shine mai nuna alamar haske - kwanon fitila. Kwanon fitila na yau da kullun ana lullube shi da azurfa akan kwanon filastik ko karfe. Don tushen fitilun fitila mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kwanon fitilar ƙarfe ya fi dacewa don tarwatsewar zafi, kuma diamita na kwanon fitila yana ƙayyade kewayon ka'idar. A wata ma'ana, mafi haske kwanon fitilar ba shine mafi kyau ba, mafi kyawun tasirin fitilar shine da'irar wrinkles orange fata siffar, yadda ya kamata sarrafa haske diffraction lalacewa ta hanyar duhu spots, sabõda haka, haske tabo a cikin lighting yankin ya fi mayar da hankali da kuma uniform. Yawancin lokaci, samun kwanon da aka murƙushe yana nuna alamar ƙwararru a cikin hasken wuta.

4. Lens

Ruwan tabarau yana kare fitilar ko kuma ya haɗa hasken. Yawancin lokaci ana yin shi da gilashi ko guduro. Gilashi yana da juriya mai kyau na zafi, ba sauƙin karce, barga, amma ƙarfin amfani da waje yana damuwa, kuma farashin aiki a cikin farfajiya yana da girma sosai, takardar guduro yana da amfani ga aiki, ƙarfin abin dogaro, nauyi mai nauyi, amma kula da kariya don hana niƙa da yawa, gabaɗaya magana, kyakyawan ruwan tabarau na walƙiya na waje yakamata a sarrafa su cikin kwandon ruwan tabarau na siffar guduro na haske, na iya zama tasiri sosai.

5. Baturi

A lokuta da yawa za ka iya koka dalilin da ya sa fitilar da ewa ba wutar lantarki, da kuma zargi a kan fitilar kanta, a gaskiya ma, da zabi na baturi ne ma muhimmanci, kullum magana, da iya aiki da kuma sallama halin yanzu na talakawa alkaline baturi ne manufa, low price, sauki saya, karfi versatility, amma babban halin yanzu fitarwa sakamako ne ba manufa, nickel karfe hydride cajin baturi makamashi yawa rabo ne mafi girma, da sallama sake zagayowar shi ne mafi girma da girma da tattalin arziki da yawa rabo, da sake zagayowar da kai - a halin yanzu. batirin lithium yana da kyau sosai, ya dace sosai don amfani da fitilun wuta mai ƙarfi, amma tattalin arziƙin amfani ba shi da kyau, farashin wutar lantarki na lithium har yanzu yana da tsada sosai a halin yanzu, fitilu masu dacewa galibi manyan fitilu masu ƙarfi ne, sabili da haka, mafi yawan fitilun kasuwa sune amfani da alamar-sunan alkaline baturi mai cikakken aiki ya fi kyau, daga ka'ida, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ƙarancin wutar lantarki don haka za a yi amfani da batir mai ƙarfi a cikin yanayin sanyi, saboda haka za a yi amfani da ƙarancin wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin zafi. shine haɗa akwatin baturin waje, tare da zafin jiki don tabbatar da zafin aiki na baturin. Ya kamata a lura cewa ga wasu fitilun da aka shigo da su, irin su wasu samfuran PETZL da Princeton, saboda ƙarancin wutar lantarki na batura busassun na waje an ɗan ɗaga shi, an tsara mummunan hulɗar fitilun don zama lebur. Lokacin amfani da wasu batura na gida tare da na'urar lantarki mara kyau, akwai yuwuwar rashin kyau lamba. Maganin yana da sauƙi, kawai ƙara ƙaramin yanki na gasket.

6. Kayayyaki

Metal, filastik, fitilun asali sun ƙunshi su, jikin fitilar ƙarfe yana da ƙarfi kuma mai dorewa, ana amfani da haske na yau da kullun da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na aluminum, idan ya cancanta, ana amfani da walƙiyar ƙarfe har ma azaman kayan aikin kariya, amma ƙarfe na yau da kullun ba mai juriya bane, nauyi mai nauyi, don haka bai dace da fitilu na ruwa ba, kyawawan halayen thermal, mai ba da gudummawar lokacin zafi don yin amfani da lokaci guda, amma yanayin zafi mai zafi don yin amfani da lokacin sanyi. amfani da fitilar fitila, Babban farashin sarrafawa. Akwai nau'ikan robobi na injiniya da yawa, polycarbonate, ABS / polyester, fiber gilashin polycarbonate da aka ƙarfafa, polyimide da sauransu, wasan kwaikwayon kuma ya bambanta sosai, ɗaukar fiber gilashin polycarbonate da aka ƙarfafa azaman misali, ƙarfinsa ya isa ya jimre wa nau'ikan yanayi mai tsauri na waje, juriya na lalata, rufi, nauyi mai nauyi, babban fitilar fitila da zaɓin fitilar ruwa. Amma filastik ABS na yau da kullun da ake amfani da shi akan fitilun masu arha yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ba mai dorewa ba ne. Tabbatar kula da shi lokacin siye. Gabaɗaya magana, ana iya bambanta shi ta hanyar jin matsi mai wuya.

7. Canjawa

Saitin maɓallin fitila yana ƙayyade dacewa da amfani. Maɓallin maɓallin zamiya mai kama da fitilar Ramin ƙarfe abu ne mai sauƙi kuma mai dacewa, amma da kyar mahaifar ta zama mai hana ruwa gaba ɗaya, wanda a fili bai dace ba. Maɓallin turawa na roba akan fitilar magnesium D yana da sauƙi don zama mai hana ruwa da kuma dacewa, amma a fili bai dace da irin waɗannan lokatai kamar ruwa ba, kuma matsa lamba na ruwa na iya haifar da zubar da canjin. Wutsiya nau'in canzawa yana da mashahuri musamman a cikin ƙananan fitilu, musamman dacewa ga haske da haske mai tsawo, amma tsarinsa mai rikitarwa don la'akari da ƙuntatawa da aminci shine matsala, rashin sadarwa mara kyau a wasu fitilun masana'anta ma na kowa. Juyawa fitila mai sauyawa shine mafi sauƙi kuma abin dogara, amma yana iya yin aikin sauyawa guda ɗaya kawai, ba za a iya rarraba shi ba, yana da wuya a tsara aikin mayar da hankali, ƙarfin ruwa mai tsauri ba shi da kyau (maɓallin aiki na ruwa yana da sauƙin yaduwa). Knob canzawa shine mafi kyawun amfani da fitilun ruwa, tsarin shine mafi kyawun hana ruwa, mai sauƙin aiki, sauƙin canzawa, babban abin dogaro, yana iya kullewa, ba za a iya kunna shi ba.

8. Rashin ruwa

Yana da sauƙi a yanke hukunci ko fitilar ba ta da ruwa ko a'a. Bincika a hankali ko akwai zoben roba masu taushi da na roba a cikin kowane ɓangaren fitilun da za'a iya maye gurbinsu (fitilar fitila, sauyawa, murfin baturi, da sauransu). Kyawawan zoben roba, haɗe da ƙira mai ma'ana da fasaha mai kyau na sarrafawa, na iya ba da garantin zurfin hana ruwa sama da ƙafa 1000. A karkashin ruwan sama mai yawa ba zai iya ba da tabbacin cewa ba za a sami raguwa ba, dalilin shi ne cewa elasticity na roba bai isa ba don tabbatar da cikakkiyar dacewa na saman biyu. Daga ra'ayi na ƙira, jujjuyawar fitilar fitila da kullin ganga mai sauyawa a ka'ida mafi sauƙi ga hana ruwa, maɓallin zamewa da maɓallin danna wutsiya yana da wahala. Ko da wane irin nau'in canji, yana da kyau kada a canza akai-akai lokacin amfani da ruwa a karkashin ruwa, tsarin sauyawa shine mafi sauƙi don shigar da ruwa, a cikin ruwa, mafi aminci hanya ita ce sanya ɗan man mai a kan zoben roba, za a iya rufe shi sosai, a lokaci guda, man shafawa kuma yana da kyau don kula da zobe na roba, kauce wa lalacewa ta hanyar yin amfani da shi a cikin shekaru da yawa na zobe, bayan shekaru masu yawa na zobe na roba. fitilar zuwa tsufa. Ya kamata a maye gurbinsa cikin lokaci don tabbatar da babban amincin amfani da waje.

9. Wutar daidaita wutar lantarki

Matsakaicin daidaitawar wutar lantarki ya kamata ya zama mafi kyawun yanayin fitilun ci-gaba, yin amfani da da'irar daidaitawar wutar lantarki yana da ayyuka guda biyu: Tukin wutar lantarki na LED na yau da kullun shine 3-3.6V, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a haɗa akalla batura guda uku na yau da kullun a cikin jerin don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako. Babu shakka, ƙirar ƙirar fitilar tana da ƙuntatawa sosai. Ƙarshen yana nuna mafi dacewa da amfani da makamashin lantarki, ta yadda ƙarfin lantarki ba zai rage haske tare da attenuation na baturi ba. Koyaushe kiyaye madaidaicin matakin haske, ba shakka, kuma sauƙaƙe hasken daidaitawar motsi. Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani, ƙarfin lantarki daidaita kewaye zai yawanci vata a kalla 30% na wutar lantarki, don haka, yawanci amfani da low makamashi amfani LED fitilu. Ana amfani da da'irar daidaita wutar lantarki ta wakilci ta PETZL's MYO 5. Ana daidaita hasken LED a cikin matakan uku don kula da hasken haske na matakan LED guda uku na sa'o'i 10, 30 hours da 90 hours bi da bi.

10. Aiki

Don yin fitilu ba za su iya kawai haske ba, amma kuma suna da ƙarin ayyuka masu yawa ko amfani mai dacewa, nau'i-nau'i iri-iri sun fito.

Kyakkyawan ɗorawa mai kyau, a mafi yawan lokuta na iya sa ƙananan hannun lantarki ta taka rawarLED fitilun wuta mai caji, yawancin fitulun ruwa ana amfani da su ta wannan tsayayyen hanya.

Hoton da ke kan ARC AAA ana iya saka shi cikin aljihun riga kamar alkalami, kodayake zaɓin da ya fi dacewa shine a yanka shi zuwa gefen hular ku azaman fitila.

L Zane nafitilar walƙiya mai ƙarfiyayi kyau sosai. Fitar guda huɗu a cikin sashin wutsiya sun dace sosai don amfani da sigina da dare.

PETZL DUO LED yana da kwan fitila mai ginanniyar ajiya, kamar yadda kowane ingantaccen hasken waje ya kamata.

ARC LSHP na iya sauƙin amfani da nau'ikan wutar lantarki gwargwadon buƙatu. Ƙarshen baya shine CR123A guda ɗaya, CR123A biyu da AA biyu

Ikon Ajiyayyen. Idan kawai kuna da haske kusa da ku, canza baturi a cikin farar Black na iya zama mai mutuwa. Black Diamond Supernova yana da wutar lantarki 6V akwai don samar da awoyi 10 nawaje LED haskeyayin canjin baturi ko lokacin da baturin ya ƙare.

Ko da yake kima na sirri ya yi ƙasa sosai, amma ana iya tallata maganadisu a saman ƙarfen aikin har yanzu ana godiya.

Gannet's gyro-gun II, mai sauƙin amfani azaman walƙiya, fitilar kai ko wurare iri-iri