Ka'idojin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana

Rana tana haskakawa a kan mahaɗin PN na semiconductor, yana samar da sabon nau'in rami-electron. A karkashin aikin wutar lantarki na PN junction, ramin yana gudana daga yankin P zuwa yankin N, kuma lantarki yana gudana daga yankin N zuwa yankin P. Lokacin da aka haɗa da'irar, ana samar da halin yanzu. Wannan shine yadda tasirin hasken rana ke aiki.

Ƙarfafa wutar lantarki ta Rana Akwai nau'ikan samar da wutar lantarki iri biyu, ɗaya shine yanayin juyawar haske-zafi-lantarki, ɗayan kuma yanayin canza hasken wutar lantarki kai tsaye.

(1) Hanyar canza hasken-zafi-lantarki na amfani da makamashin zafi da hasken rana ke samarwa don samar da wutar lantarki. Gabaɗaya, makamashin thermal ɗin da aka ɗauka yana juyewa zuwa tururi na matsakaicin aiki ta hanyar mai tara hasken rana, sa'an nan kuma ana tura injin tururi don samar da wutar lantarki. Tsohuwar tsari shine tsarin juyawa mai haske-zafi; Tsarin na ƙarshe shine zafi - tsarin canza wutar lantarki.

(2) Ana amfani da tasirin photoelectric don canza makamashin hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki. Mahimmin na'urar juyawar photoelectric shine tantanin rana. Solar cell wata na'ura ce da ke juyar da makamashin hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki saboda tasirin photogeneration volt. Yana da wani semiconductor photodiode. Lokacin da rana ta haskaka a kan photodiode, photodiode zai juya makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma ya haifar da halin yanzu. Lokacin da aka haɗa sel da yawa a jeri ko a layi daya, za a iya samar da ɗimbin murabba'in sel na hasken rana tare da babban ƙarfin fitarwa.

A halin yanzu, silicon crystalline (ciki har da polysilicon da monocrystalline silicon) shine mafi mahimmancin kayan aikin photovoltaic, kasuwar sa ya fi 90%, kuma a nan gaba na dogon lokaci har yanzu zai zama kayan yau da kullun na ƙwayoyin hasken rana.

Na dogon lokaci, fasahar samar da kayan polysilicon yana ƙarƙashin ikon masana'antu 10 na kamfanoni 7 a cikin ƙasashe 3, kamar Amurka, Japan da Jamus, suna yin shingen fasaha da keɓancewar kasuwa.

Buƙatun Polysilicon galibi ya fito ne daga semiconductor da ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Dangane da buƙatun tsabta daban-daban, an raba su zuwa matakin lantarki da matakin hasken rana. Daga cikin su, polysilicon-sa na lantarki yana da kusan kashi 55%, polysilicon matakin hasken rana ya kai 45%.

Tare da saurin CIGABAN masana'antar PHOTOVOLTAIC, buƙatar polysilicon a cikin ƙwayoyin hasken rana yana haɓaka da sauri fiye da haɓakar polysilicon na semiconductor, kuma ana tsammanin buƙatun polysilicon na hasken rana zai wuce na polysilicon na lantarki ta 2008.

A shekara ta 1994, jimillar samar da kwayoyin hasken rana a duniya ya kai megawatt 69 kawai, amma a shekarar 2004 ya kusa 1200MW, wanda ya ninka sau 17 a cikin shekaru 10 kacal. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa masana'antar daukar hoto ta hasken rana za ta zarce karfin nukiliya a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin samar da makamashi a farkon rabin karni na 21st.