Ka'idar samar da wutar lantarki

Rana tana haskakawa a kan mahadar PN ta semiconductor, tana samar da sabuwar hanyar rami-electron. A ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki na mahadar PN, ramin yana gudana daga yankin P zuwa yankin N, kuma electron yana gudana daga yankin N zuwa yankin P. Lokacin da aka haɗa da'irar, ana samar da wutar lantarki. Haka ne ƙwayoyin hasken rana ke aiki.

Samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana Akwai nau'ikan samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu, daya shine yanayin canza wutar lantarki ta haske-zafi-lantarki, ɗayan kuma shine yanayin canza wutar lantarki ta kai tsaye.

(1) Hanyar canza haske-zafi-lantarki tana amfani da makamashin zafi da hasken rana ke samarwa don samar da wutar lantarki. Gabaɗaya, makamashin zafi da aka sha yana canzawa zuwa tururin tsakiyar aiki ta hanyar mai tara hasken rana, sannan injin tururin tururi yana tura shi don samar da wutar lantarki. Tsarin farko shine tsarin canza haske-zafi; Tsarin na ƙarshe shine tsarin canza zafi-lantarki.

(2) Ana amfani da tasirin hasken rana don canza makamashin hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki. Babban kayan aikin canza hasken rana shine ƙwayar hasken rana. Ƙwayar hasken rana na'ura ce da ke canza makamashin hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki saboda tasirin wutar lantarki na samar da hasken rana. Hasken hasken rana na semiconductor ne. Lokacin da rana ta haskaka akan hasken rana, hasken rana zai juya makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma ya samar da wutar lantarki. Lokacin da aka haɗa ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa a jere ko a layi ɗaya, za a iya samar da jerin ƙwayoyin rana masu girman ƙarfin fitarwa.

A halin yanzu, silicon mai siffar crystalline (gami da polysilicon da monocrystalline silicon) shine mafi mahimmancin kayan photovoltaic, kaso na kasuwa ya fi kashi 90%, kuma nan gaba na dogon lokaci zai ci gaba da zama babban kayan ƙwayoyin hasken rana.

Na dogon lokaci, masana'antu 10 na kamfanoni 7 a ƙasashe 3, kamar Amurka, Japan da Jamus, suna sarrafa fasahar samar da kayan polysilicon, wanda hakan ya haifar da toshewar fasaha da kuma mamaye kasuwa.

Bukatar Polysilicon galibi tana fitowa ne daga semiconductors da ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Dangane da buƙatu daban-daban na tsarki, waɗanda aka raba zuwa matakin lantarki da matakin hasken rana. Daga cikinsu, polysilicon mai matakin lantarki yana da kusan kashi 55%, polysilicon mai matakin rana yana da kashi 45%.

Tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar PHOTOVOLTAIC, buƙatar polysilicon a cikin ƙwayoyin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa da sauri fiye da haɓakar semiconductor polysilicon, kuma ana sa ran buƙatar polysilicon na hasken rana zai wuce na polysilicon na lantarki nan da 2008.

A shekarar 1994, jimillar samar da ƙwayoyin hasken rana a duniya ya kai MW 69 kacal, amma a shekarar 2004 ya kusa kaiwa MW 1200, karuwar da ta ninka sau 17 cikin shekaru 10 kacal. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa masana'antar hasken rana za ta zarce makamashin nukiliya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin samar da makamashi a rabin farko na karni na 21.